Journal of Exercise Physiology in Special Populations

The Effect of Long-term Resistance Exercise with Elastic Band on Body Composition Changes and Some Predisposing Factors of Endothelial Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Women with Sarcopenic Obesity

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Master of Sport Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport

3 Associate Professor of Sport Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.

4 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of 12-week resistance exercise with elastic band on body composition changes and some predisposing factors for endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women with sarcopenic obesity.

Methods: 49 Obese elderly women (Age:64.13±3.68; BF%: 44.2±2.56; BMI: 33.1±3.71 and SMI< 27%) volunteered and randomly divided into experimental (n=27) and control (n=22) groups. The subjects of the experimental group have trained resistance exercise with elastic band for 12 weeks; 3d/w. DEXA evaluation for analyzing body mass index and body fat percentage and blood sampling to measuring serum levels of nitric oxide, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and C-Reactive Protein were done 48h pre-training and immediately after post-training.

Results: In the Experimental Group, nitric oxide levels and high density lipoprotein in serum were increased following 12-week resistance exercise with elastic band and low density lipoprotein decreased (p=0.03, p=0.01, p=0.03; respectively); However, there are no changes in body fat percentage, body mass index, total cholesterol, and C-Reactive Protein (p˃0.05).

Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrated that 12-week resistance exercise with elastic band increased nitric oxide levels and improved blood lipid profile in postmenopausal women with sarcopenic obesity. Therefore, it seems that this training protocol was effective in the management of these predisposing factors of cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords

Gensini GF, Micheli S, Prisco, D, Abbbate R. Menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease. Thromb Res. 1996; 84(1): 1-19.
Crawford SL, Casey VA, Avis NE, et al. A longitudinal study of weight and the menopause transition: results from the Massachusetts Women’s Health Study. Menopause 2000; 7:96-104.
Roubenoff R. Sarcopenic obesity: the confluence of two epidemics. Obes. Res. 2004; 12: 887–888.
Batsis BA, Villareal DT. Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018; 14(9): 513–537.
Moreau KL, Hildreth KL. Vascular Aging across the Menopause Transition in Healthy Women. Adv Vasc Med. 2014:204390, 2014.
 Rossi R, Nuzzo A, Origliani G, Modena MG. Prognostic role of flow-mediated dilation and cardiac risk factors in post-menopausal women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2008; 51(10):997–1002.
Trott DW, Fadel PJ. Inflammation as a Mediator of Arterial Ageing. Exp Physiol. 2019; 104(10): 1455–1471.
Gradinaru D, Borsa C, Ionescu C, Prada GI. Oxidized LDL and NO synthesis – biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev. 2015; 151: 101–13.
Widlansky ME, Gokce N, Keaney JF Jr, Vita JA. The clinical implications of endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 42: 1149–60.
Donato AJ, Morgan RG, Walker AE, Lesniewski LA. Cellular and molecular biology of aging endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2015; 89: 122–35.
Cohen RA. The role of nitric oxide and other endothelium-derived vasoactive substances in vascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1995; 38:105–28.
O’Sullivan AJ, Martin A, Brown MA. Efficient fat storage in premenopausal women and in early pregnancy: A role for estrogen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 86:4951–6.
FU Y, Yand W, LIU E. C‑reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: From animal studies to the clinic (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020; 20(2): 1211-1219.
Manson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ et al. Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J M. 2002; 347(10):716–725.
Mora S, Cook N, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Lee IM. Physical activity and reduced risk of cardiovascular events: potential mediating mechanisms. Circulation. 2007; 116(19):2110–2118.
Moreau KL, Donato AJ, Seals DR, DeSouza CA, Tanaka H. Regular exercise, hormone replacement therapy and the age-related decline in carotid arterial compliance in healthy women. Cardiovascular Research. 2003; 57(3):861–868.
Matsubara T, Miyaki A, Akazawa N, et al. Aerobic exercise training increases plasma Klotho levels and reduces arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2014; 306(3):H348–H355.
 Tanahashi K, Akazawa N, Miyaki A, et al. Aerobic exercise training decreases plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations with increase in arterial compliance in post-menopausal women.  Am J Hypertens. 2014; 27(3):415–421.
 Sugawara J, Inoue H, Hayashi K, Yokoi T, Kono I. Effect of low-intensity aerobic exercise training on arterial compliance in postmenopausal women. Hypertension Research. 2004; 27(12): 897–901.
Prestes J et al. Effects of resistance training on resistin, leptin, cytokines, and muscle force in elderly post-menopausal women. J. Sports Sci. 2009; 27: 1607–1615. [PubMed: 19967592]
Boutron I, Altman  DG, Moher D, Schulz KF, Ravaud P. Consort statement for randomized trials of nonpharmacologic treatments: A 2017 update and a consort extension for nonpharmacologic trial abstracts. Annals of internal medicine. 2017; 167(1), 40-47.
Merriwether EN, Host HH, Sinacore DR. Sarcopenic indices in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001). 2012; 35(3):118.
Lagally KM, Robertson RJ.  Construct validity of the omni resistance exercise scale. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.2006; 20(2), 252.
Tremollieres FA, Pouilles JM & Ribot CA Relative influence of age and menopause on total and regional body composition changes in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996; 175: 1594–1600.
Sowers M et al. Changes in body composition in women over six years at midlife: ovarian and chronological aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92: 895–901.
Guo SS, Zeller C, Chumlea WC & Siervogel RM Aging, body composition, and lifestyle: the Fels Longitudinal Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr 70, 405–411 (1999).
Forsythe LK, Wallace JM, Livingstone MB. Obesity and inflammation: the effects of weight loss. Nutr Res Rev. 2008; 21: 117–133.
Tuteja N, Chandra M, Tuteja R, Misra MK. Nitric Oxide as a Unique Bioactive Signaling Messenger in Physiology and Pathophysiology. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2004; 30: 2004(4): 227–237.
Wang M, Wang Y, Weil B, et al. Estrogen receptor β mediates increased activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and improved myocardial function in female hearts following acute ischemia. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009; 296(4): R972–R978.
Dubey RK, Jackson EK. Estrogen-induced cardiorenal protection: potential cellular, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2001; 280: F365-F388.
Journal of Exercise Physiology in Special Populations
Volume 1, Issue 2
August 2024
Pages 1-13