Journal of Exercise Physiology in Special Populations

Molecular mechanisms of exercise therapy in muscle regeneration in diabetic patients: a review

Document Type : Review article

Authors

1 Master student of Microbial Biotechnology at Department of Biology, Faculty of science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

2 Dept. of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences & Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.

3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

4 Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran.

5 Department of Biology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili

Abstract

Abstract
Background and Aims: Exercise therapy plays an important role in muscle regeneration and improving the condition of diabetics. This article will examine the molecular mechanisms of exercise therapy in muscle regeneration in diabetic patients.
Method: The present study was review type. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of exercise therapy in muscle regeneration in diabetic patients. To achieve this goal, the search for scientific articles in Persian and English was carried out from 2020 to 2024, and out of the 32 initial articles, 11 that had the most relevance and quality were selected and reviewed as final articles. Databases used for search included Scopus, PubMed, Sid, JCR, Google Scholar, WOS, and Science Direct.
Result: The result of 4 studies showed that using resistance training can be an effective way to prevent diabetes. The findings of 4 other studies in people with diabetes also showed that high levels of IL-6 were associated with insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, and increased risk of complications such as diabetic neuropathy and cardiovascular disease. Another study has shown that aerobic exercise can prevent methylglyoxal-induced muscle atrophy. Another article suggests that increased GLUT4 expression improves insulin sensitivity and total metabolic health. Another study examined the use of satellite cells to convert and produce new beta cells in diabetic patients as a treatment.
Conclusion: Exercise therapy improves muscle regeneration and overall health of diabetics by activating molecular pathways such as AMPK and PI3K/Akt and modulating inflammation and oxidative stress.

Keywords

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Journal of Exercise Physiology in Special Populations
Volume 3, Issue 1
April 2026
Pages 1-16